Date: 04/15/98 (v.2)
Office: General Counsel (D/GC)
Supersedes: 7/21/93, 11/02/83, and 11/20/72

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1.0 The Peace Corps Act

Public Law 87-293 (September 22, 1961) (as amended)

[Note:The Peace Corps was initially established by President John F. Kennedy pursuant to Executive Order 10924 (March 1, 1961).]

TITLE 22 UNITED STATES CODE

Sec. 2501. Congressional declaration of purpose

1. The Congress of the United States declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this Act to promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps, which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve, under conditions of hardship if necessary, to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower, particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries, and to help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the peoples served and a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people.
2. The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a purpose of the Peace Corps to maintain, to the maximum extent appropriate and consistent with programmatic and fiscal considerations, a volunteer corps of at least 10,000 individuals.

Sec. 2501-1. Independent agency status of Peace Corps

Effective on December 29, 1981, the Peace Corps shall be an independent agency within the executive branch and shall not be an agency within the ACTION Agency, the successor to the ACTION Agency, or any other department or agency of the United States.

Sec. 2501a Voluntary service programs

1. Congressional declaration of policy of encouragement.

   The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a further purpose of this Act (1) to encourage countries and areas to establish programs under which their citizens and nationals would volunteer to serve in order to help meet the needs of less developed countries or areas for trained manpower; (2) to encourage less developed countries or areas to establish programs under which their citizens and nationals would volunteer to serve in order to meet their needs for trained manpower; and (3) to encourage the development of, and participation in, international voluntary service programs and activities.

2. Limitations on executive activities and use of funds.
   1. Activities carried out by the President in furtherance of the purposes of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be limited to -
      1. furnishing technical assistance, materials, tools, supplies, and training appropriate to the support of volunteer programs in such countries or areas; and
      2. conducting demonstration projects in such countries or areas. None of the funds made available to carry out the purposes of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section may be used to pay the administrative costs of any program or project, other than a demonstration project, or to assist any program or project of a paramilitary or military nature. Funds allocated for activities set forth in this paragraph should be kept to a minimum so that such allocation will not be detrimental to other Peace Corps programs and activities.
   2. Not more than 2 per centum of the amount appropriated to the Peace Corps for a fiscal year may be used in such fiscal year to carry out the provisions of clause (3) of subsection (a) of this section. Such funds may be contributed to educational institutions, private voluntary organizations, international organizations, and foreign governments or agencies thereof, to pay a fair and proportionate share of the costs of encouraging the development of, and participation in, international voluntary programs and activities.
3. Compromise of national character.

   Such activities shall not compromise the national character of the Peace Corps.

Sec. 2502. Presidential authorization; appropriations and financial readjustments

1. Terms and conditions of authorization.

   The President is authorized to carry out programs in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, on such terms and conditions as he may determine.

2. Authorization of appropriations.

   There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter $[] for fiscal year [], which are authorized to remain available until September 30, []. [Appropriations vary from year to year.]

3. Appropriations for increases in salary, pay, etc.

   In addition to the amount authorized to be appropriated by subsection (b) of this section to carry out the purposes of this chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated for increases in salary, pay, retirement, or other employee benefits authorized by law, for each fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary.

4. Integration of women into national economics.

   In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the overall development process, the Peace Corps shall be administered so as to give particular attention to those programs, projects, and activities which tend to integrate women into the national economics of developing countries, thus improving their status and assisting the total development effort.

8. [sic][(e)]Integration of disabled people.

   In recognition of the fact that there are over 400,000,000 disabled people in the world, 95 percent of whom are among the poorest of the poor, the Peace Corps shall be administered so as to give particular attention to programs, projects, and activities which tend to integrate disabled people into the national economies of developing countries, thus improving their status and assisting the total development effort.

Sec. 2503. Director and Deputy Director; delegation of functions

1. Appointment.

   The President may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Director of the Peace Corps and a Deputy Director of the Peace Corps.

2. Exercise of functions by Director.

   The President may exercise any functions vested in him by this chapter through the Director of the Peace Corps. The Director of the Peace Corps may promulgate such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out such functions, and may delegate to any of his subordinates authority to perform any of such functions.

3. Powers and functions of Secretary of State; coordination of activities; responsibility for supervision and direction of programs.
   1. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to infringe upon the powers or functions of the Secretary of State.
   2. The President shall prescribe appropriate procedures to assure coordination of Peace Corps activities with other activities of the United States Government in each country, under the leadership of the chief of the United States diplomatic mission.
   3. Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall be responsible for the continuous supervision and general direction of the programs authorized by this chapter, to the end that such programs are effectively integrated both at home and abroad and the foreign policy of the United States is best served thereby.
   4. The Director of the Peace Corps may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to assure that no individual performing service for the Peace Corps under any authority contained in this chapter shall engage in any activity determined by the Director to be detrimental to the best interests of the United States.
4. Prohibition on performance of services more usefully performed by other agencies, etc.
   1. Except with the approval of the Secretary of State, the Peace Corps shall not be assigned to perform services which could more usefully be performed by other available agencies of the United States Government in the country concerned.

Sec. 2504. Peace Corps volunteers

1. Persons eligible; terms and conditions of service; Federal employee status; racial, sex, religious, or color discrimination.

   The President may enroll in the Peace Corps for service abroad qualified citizens and nationals of the United States (referred to in this Act as ''volunteers''). The terms and conditions of the enrollment, training, compensation, hours of work, benefits, leave, termination, and all other terms and conditions of the service of volunteers shall be exclusively those set forth in this chapter and those consistent therewith which the President may prescribe; and, except as provided in this chapter, volunteers shall not be deemed officers or employees or otherwise in the service or employment of, or holding office under, the United States for any purpose. In carrying out this subsection, there shall be no discrimination against any person on account of race, sex, creed, or color.

2. Living allowances, travel, leave and related items; transfers of supplies and equipment.

   Volunteers shall be provided with such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, supplies, equipment, subsistence, and clothing as the President may determine to be necessary for their maintenance and to insure their health and their capacity to serve effectively. Supplies or equipment provided volunteers to insure their capacity to serve effectively may be transferred to the government or to other entities of the country or area in which they have been serving, when no longer necessary for such purpose, and when such transfers would further the purposes of this chapter. Transportation and travel allowances may also be provided, in such circumstances as the President may determine, for applicants for enrollment to or from places of training and places of enrollment, and for former volunteers from places of termination to their homes in the United States.

3. Readjustment allowances.

   Volunteers shall be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President. The readjustment allowance of each volunteer shall be payable on his return to the United States: Provided, however, That, under such circumstances as the President may determine, the accrued readjustment allowance, or any part thereof, may be paid to the volunteer, members of his family or others, during the period of his service, or prior to his return to the United States. In the event of the volunteer's death during the period of his service, the amount of any unpaid readjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5582(b) of title 5. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, a volunteer shall be deemed to be paid and to receive each amount of a readjustment allowance to which he is entitled after December 31, 1964, when such amount is transferred from funds made available under this chapter to the fund from which such readjustment allowance is payable.

4. [Repealed.]
5. Health care.

   Volunteers shall receive such health care during their service, applicants for enrollment shall receive such health examinations preparatory to their service, applicants for enrollment who have accepted an invitation to begin a period of training under section 8(a) [22 U.S.C. 2507(a)] of this Act shall receive such immunization and dental care preparatory to their service, and former volunteers shall receive such health examinations within six months after termination of their service, as the President may deem necessary or appropriate. Subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe, such health care may be provided in any facility of any agency of the United States Government, and in such cases the appropriation for maintaining and operating such facility shall be reimbursed from appropriations available under this Act. Health care may not be provided under this subsection in a manner inconsistent with the Assisted Suicide Funding Act of 1997.

6. Retirement and other credits based upon length of service.
   1. Any period of satisfactory service of a volunteer under this Act shall be credited in connection with subsequent employment in the same manner as a like period of civilian employment by the United States Government -
      1. for the purposes of section 816(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4056(a)] and every other Act establishing a retirement system for civilian employees of any United States Government agency; and
      2. except as otherwise determined by the President, for the purposes of determining seniority, reduction in force, and layoff rights, leave entitlement, and other rights and privileges based upon length of service under the laws administered by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], and every other Act establishing or governing terms and conditions of service of civilian employees of the United States Government: Provided, That service of a volunteer shall not be credited toward completion of any probationary or trial period or completion of any service requirement for career appointment.
   2. For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, volunteers and volunteer leaders shall be deemed to be receiving compensation during their service at the respective rates of readjustment allowances payable under subsection (c) of this section and section 2505(1) of this title.
7. Assignment to other entities.

   The President may detail or assign volunteers or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1) of section 10(a) [2509(a)] of this Act on such terms and conditions as he may determine: Provided, That not to exceed two hundred volunteers may be assigned to carry out secretarial or clerical duties on the staffs of the Peace Corps representatives abroad: Provided, however, That any volunteer so detailed or assigned shall continue to be entitled to the allowances, benefits and privileges of volunteers authorized under or pursuant to this Act.

8. Tort claims; absentee voting; general average contributions for transportation of baggage; check cashing and currency exchange;claims for overpayment of pay; passport fees.

   Volunteers shall be deemed employees of the United States Government for the purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act [28 U.S.C. 1346(b) and 2671 et seq.] and any other Federal tort liability statute, the Federal Voting Assistance Act of 1955 (5 U.S.C. 2171 et seq.) the Act of June 4, 1954 Chapter 264, section 4 (5 U.S.C. 73b-75) [Now 5 U.S.C. 5731 (a)(1), (2)], the Act of December 23, 1944, chapter 716 section 1, as amended. (31 U.S.C. 3342)[Now 31 U.S.C. 3342], section 5584 of Title 5, United States Code (and readjustment allowances paid under this chapter shall be considered as pay for purposes of such section), and section 1 of the Act of June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 750), as amended (22 U.S.C. 214).

9. Termination of service.

   The service of a volunteer may be terminated at any time at the pleasure of the President.

10. Oath of office.

    Upon enrollment in the Peace Corps, every volunteer shall take the oath prescribed for persons appointed to any office of honor or profit by section 3331 of title 5, and shall swear (or affirm) that he does not advocate the overthrow of our constitutional form of government in the United States, and that he is not a member of an organization that advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government in the United States, knowing that such organization so advocates.

11. Counseling programs for returned volunteers.

    In order to assure that the skills and experience which former volunteers have derived from their training and their service abroad are best utilized in the national interest, the President may, in cooperation with agencies of the United States, private employers, educational institutions and other entities of the United States, undertake programs under which volunteers would be counseled with respect to opportunities for further education and employment.

12. Legal expenses of defendant in judicial or administrative proceedings.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, counsel may be employed and counsel fees, court costs, bail, and other expenses incident to the defense of volunteers may be paid in foreign judicial or administrative proceedings to which volunteers have been made parties.

13. Allowances and expenses of minor children.

    The minor children of a volunteer living with the volunteer mayreceive -

    1. such living, travel, education, and leave allowances, such housing, transportation, subsistence, and essential special items of clothing as the President may determine;
    2. such health care, including health care following the volunteer's service for illness or injury incurred during such service, and health and accident insurance, as the President may determine and upon such terms as he may determine, including health care in any facility referred to in subsection (e) of this section, subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe and subject to reimbursement of appropriations as provided in such subsection (e);
    3. such orientation, language, and other training necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter as the President may determine; and
    4. the benefits of subsection (l) of this section on the same basis as volunteers.
14. Moving expenses.

    The costs of packing and unpacking, transporting to and from a place of storage, and storing the furniture and household and personal effects of a volunteer who has one or more minor children at the time of his entering a period of pre-enrollment training may be paid from the date of his departure from his place of residence to enter training until no later than three months after termination of his service.

Sec. 2505. Peace Corps volunteer leaders; number; applicability of chapter; benefits

The President may enroll in the Peace Corps qualified citizens or nationals of the United States whose services are required for supervisory or other special duties or responsibilities in connection with programs under this chapter (referred to in this chapter as ''volunteer leaders''). The ratio of the total number of volunteer leaders to the total number of volunteers in service at any one time shall not exceed one to twenty-five. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, all of the provisions of this chapter applicable to volunteers shall be applicable to volunteer leaders, and the term ''volunteers'' shall include ''volunteer leaders:'' Provided, however, That -

1. volunteer leaders shall be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President;
2. spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders may receive such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, subsistence, and essential special items of clothing, as the President may determine, but the authority contained in this paragraph shall be exercised only under exceptional circumstances;
3. spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders accompanying them may receive such health care as the President may determine and upon such terms as he may determine, including health care in any facility referred to in section 5(e) [2504(e)] of this Act, subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe and subject to reimbursement of appropriations as provided in section 2504(e) of this Act; and
4. spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders accompanying them may receive such orientation, language, and other training necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter as the President may determine.

Sec. 2506. Peace Corps employees

1. Foreign employment; compensation, allowances, and benefits; utilization of Presidential authority respecting Foreign Service; additional compensation and differentials; additional governmental employment by person receiving Foreign Service Reserve or staff appointment or assignment; limitation on length of employment.
   1. For the purpose of performing functions under this chapter outside the United States, the President may employ or assign persons, or authorize the employment or assignment of officers or employees of agencies of the United States Government which are not authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, who shall receive compensation at any of the rates established under section 402 or 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3962, 3963], together with allowances and benefits thereunder; and persons so employed or assigned shall be entitled, except to the extent that the President may specify otherwise in cases in which the period of the employment or assignment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are provided by section 310 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 3950] for persons appointed to the Foreign Service.
   2. The President may utilize such authority contained in the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.] relating to members of the Foreign Service and other United States Government officers and employees as the President deems necessary to carry out functions under this Act, except that -
      1. no Foreign Service appointment or assignment under this paragraph shall be for a period of more than seven and one-half years, subject to paragraph (5) and except as provided in paragraph (6); and
      2. no individual whose Foreign Service appointment or assignment under this paragraph has been terminated shall be reappointed or reassigned under this paragraph before the expiration of a period of time equal to the preceding tour of duty of that individual.

         Subparagraphs (A) and (B) do not apply with respect to foreign national employees. Such provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.) (other than the provisions of section 309 [22 U.S.C. 3949] as the President deems appropriate shall apply to individuals appointed or assigned under this paragraph, including in all cases, the provisions of section 310 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 3950], except that (i), the President may by regulation make exceptions to the application of section 310 [22 U.S.C. 3950] in cases in which the period of the appointment or assignment exceeds thirty months (ii), members of the Foreign Service appointed or assigned pursuant to this paragraph shall receive within-class salary increases in accordance with such regulations as the President may prescribe, and (iii), under such regulations as the President may prescribe, individuals who are to perform duties of a more routine nature than are generally performed by members of the Foreign Service assigned to class 9 in the Foreign Service Schedule may be appointed to an unenumerated class ranking below class 9 in the Foreign Service Schedule and be paid basic compensation at rates lower than those for class 9, except that such rates may be no less than the then applicable minimum wage rate specified in section 6(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 [29 U.S.C. 206 (a)(1)].

   3. The President may specify what additional allowance authorized by section 5941 of title 5 and which of the allowances and differentials authorized by sections 5923 through 5925 of such title 5, may be granted to any person employed, appointed, or assigned under this subsection and may determine the rates thereof not to exceed the rates otherwise granted to employees under the sections of title 5 referred to in this paragraph.
   4. An individual who has received an appointment or assignment in the Foreign Service under this subsection may, not later than September 30, 1982, or three years after separation from such appointment or assignment, whichever is later, be appointed to a position in any United States department, agency, or establishment -
      1. in the competitive service under title 5, United States Code without competitive examination and in accordance with such regulations and conditions consistent with this subsection as may be prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or
      2. in an established merit system in the excepted service, if such individual (i), served satisfactorily under the authority of this subsection, as certified by the President, for not less than thirty-six months on a continuous basis without a break in service of more than three days, and (ii), is qualified for the position in question.
   5. Except as provided in paragraph (6), the Director of the Peace

      Corps may make appointments or assignments of United States citizens under paragraph (2) for periods of more than five years only in the case of individuals whose performance as employees of the Peace Corps has been exceptional and only in order to achieve one or more of the following purposes:

      1. To permit individuals who have served at least two and one-half years of such an appointment or assignment abroad to serve in the United States thereafter.
      2. To permit individuals who have served at least two and one-half years of such an appointment or assignment in the United States to serve abroad thereafter.
      3. To permit individuals who have served at least two and one-half years of such an appointment or assignment in a recruitment, selection, or training activity to be reassigned to an activity other than the one in which they have most recently so served.
      4. To promote the continuity of functions in administering the Peace Corps.

      At no time may the number of appointments or assignments of United States citizens in effect under paragraph (2) for periods in excess of five years exceed fifteen percent of the total of all appointments and assignments of United States citizens then in effect under paragraph (2).

   6. Notwithstanding the limitation set forth in paragraph (2)(A) on the length of an appointment or assignment under paragraph (2) and notwithstanding the limitations set forth in paragraph (5) on the circumstances under which such an appointment or assignment may exceed five years, the Director of the Peace Corps, under special circumstances, may personally approve an extension of an appointment or assignment under paragraph (2) for not more than one year on an individual basis.
2. [Repealed.]
3. Peace Corps representatives; terms and conditions of service; removal.

   In each country or area in which volunteers serve abroad, the President may appoint an employee or a volunteer as a Peace Corps representative to have direction of other employees of the Peace Corps abroad and to oversee the activities carried on under this chapter in such country or area. Unless a representative is a volunteer, the compensation, allowances and benefits, and other terms and conditions of service of each such representative, shall be the same as those of a person appointed, or assigned pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section, except that any such representative may, notwithstanding any provision of law, be removed by the President in his discretion.

Sec. 2507. Training program

1. Applicants for enrollment and enrolled volunteers.

   The President shall make provision for such training as he deems appropriate for each applicant for enrollment as a volunteer and each enrolled volunteer. All of the provisions of this Act applicable respectively to volunteers and volunteer leaders shall be applicable to applicants for enrollment as such during any period of training occurring prior to enrollment, and the respective terms ''volunteers'' and ''volunteer leaders'' shall include such applicants during any such period of training.

2. Citizen trainees for voluntary programs; foreign nationals as trainees; advances of funds or reimbursement basis; use of credits.

   The President may also make provision, on the basis of advances of funds or reimbursement to the United States, for training for citizens of the United States, other than those referred to in subsection (a) of this section, who have been selected for service abroad in programs not carried out under authority of this Act which are similar to those authorized by this Act. The provisions of section 9 [22 U.S.C. 2508] of this Act shall apply, on a similar advance of funds or a reimbursement basis, with respect to persons while within the United States for training under authority of this subsection. Advances or reimbursements received under this subsection may be credited to the current applicable appropriation, fund, or account and shall be available for the purposes for which such appropriation, fund, or account is authorized to be used.

Sec. 2508. Foreign participants; admission into the United States as nonimmigrants; deportation

In order to provide for assistance by foreign nationals in the training of volunteers, and to permit effective implementation of Peace Corps projects with due regard for the desirability of cost-sharing arrangements, where appropriate, the President may make provision for transportation, housing, subsistence, or per diem in lieu thereof, and health care or health and accident insurance for foreign nationals engaged in activities authorized by this chapter while they are away from their homes, without regard to the provisions of any other law: Provided, however, That per diem in lieu of subsistence furnished to such persons shall not be at rates higher than those prescribed by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 12 of Public Law 84-885 (70 Stat. 890) [22 U.S.C. 2679]. Such persons, and persons coming to the United States under contract pursuant to section 10(a)(5) [22 U.S.C. 2509(a)(5)] of this Act, may be admitted to the United States, ifotherwise qualified, as nonimmigrants under section 1101(a)(15) of title 8 for such time and under such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General. A person admitted under this section who fails to maintain the status under which he was admitted or who fails to depart from the United States at the expiration of the time for which he was admitted, or who engages in activities of a political nature detrimental to the interests of the United States, or in activities not consistent with the security of the United States, shall, upon the warrant of the Attorney General, be taken into custody and promptly deported pursuant to sections 1251, 1252, and 1253 of title 8. Deportation proceedings under this section shall be summary and the findings of the Attorney General as to matters of fact shall be conclusive.

Sec. 2509. Presidential powers and authorities

1. Contract authority; assignment of volunteers; acceptance of voluntary services and gifts and transfers of property; personal service contracts.

   In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the President may-

   1. enter into, perform, and modify contracts and agreements and otherwise cooperate with any agency of the United States Government or of any State or any subdivision thereof, other governments and departments and agencies thereof, and educational institutions, voluntary agencies, farm organizations, labor unions, and other organizations, individuals and firms;
   2. assign volunteers in special cases to temporary duty with international organizations and agencies when the Secretary of State determines that such assignment would serve the purposes of this Act;
   3. assign volunteers to duty or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1), in order to assist such organizations and agencies in providing development or other relief assistance to displaced persons and refugees in any country, if the government of the country agrees to such assignment;
   4. accept in the name of the Peace Corps and employ or transfer in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter (A) voluntary services notwithstanding the provisions of 31 U.S.C. 665 (b) [Now 31 U.S.C. 1342], and (B) any money or property (real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible) received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise; and
   5. contract with individuals for personal services abroad, and with aliens (abroad or within the United States) for personal services within the United States: Provided, That no such person shall be deemed an officer or employee or otherwise in the service or employment of the United States Government for any purpose.

2. Claim settlements.

   Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President determines that it will further the purposes of this chapter, the President, under such regulations as he may prescribe, may settle and pay, in an amount not exceeding $20,000, any claim against the United States, for loss of or damage to real or personal property (including loss of occupancy or use thereof) belonging to, or for personal injury or death of, any person not a citizen or resident of the United States, where such claim arises abroad out of the act or omission of any Peace Corps employee or out of the act or omission of any volunteer, but only if such claim is presented in writing within one year after it accrues. Any amount paid in settlement of any claim under this subsection shall be accepted by the claimant in full satisfaction thereof and shall bar any further action or proceeding thereon.

3. Five-year contract authority.

   Subject to any future action of the Congress, a contract or agreement which entails commitments for the expenditure of funds available for the purposes of this chapter, including commitments for the purpose of paying or providing for allowances and other benefits of volunteers authorized by sections 2504 and 2505 of this title, may extend at any time for not more than five years.

4. Waiver of certain Federal laws.

   Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this Act, functions authorized by this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions of law (other than section 3709 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended [41 U.S.C. 5]), section 302 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 [41 U.S.C. 252], and the Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended (50 App. U.S.C. 1211 et seq.)) regulating the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts and the expenditure of Government funds as the President may specify.

5. Allocation of funds.

   The President may allocate or transfer to any agency of the United States Government any funds available for carrying out the purposes of this Act including any advance received by the United States from any country or international organization under authority of this chapter, but not to exceed 20 per centum in the aggregate of such funds may be allocated or transferred to agencies other than the Peace Corps. Such funds shall be available for obligation and expenditure for the purposes of this chapter in accordance with authority granted in this Act or under authority governing the activities of the agencies of the United States Government to which such funds are allocated or transferred.

6. Utilization of other Government agency services and facilities.

   Any officer of the United States Government carrying out functions under this Act may utilize the services and facilities of, or procure commodities from, any agency of the United States Government as the President shall direct, or with the consent of the head of such agency, and funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to any such agency may be established in separate appropriation accounts on the books of the Treasury.

7. Reimbursement for commodities, services, and facilities.

   In the case of any commodity, service, or facility procured from any agency of the United States Government under this Act, reimbursement or payment shall be made to such agency from funds available under this Act. Such reimbursement or payment shall be at replacement cost, or, if required by law, at actual cost, or at any other price authorized by law and agreed to by the owning or disposing agency. The amount of any such reimbursement or payment shall be credited to current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts from which there may be procured replacements of similar commodities, services, or facilities, except that where such appropriations, funds, or accounts are not reimbursable except by reason of this subsection, and when the owning or disposing agency determines that such replacement is not necessary, any funds received in payment therefor shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

8. Hospitalization and medical treatment for Foreign Service local employees.

   The President may provide hospitalization and medical treatment to Foreign Service local employees who are within the United States for training related to their employment under this Act, for illnesses, injuries, or conditions other than those arising out of and in the course of employment, which, in the judgment of the President, began during such employee's travel related to such training or so near to the beginning of such travel that the onset of the illness, injury, or condition could not have been known, and for which immediate medical treatment or hospitalization is reasonably required.

9. Procurement of legal services.

   The Director of the Peace Corps shall have the same authority as is available to the Secretary of State under section 2b(a) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 [22 U.S.C. 2698(a)]. For purposes of this subsection, the reference in such section 26(a) [22 U.S.C. 2698(a)] of this Act to a principal officer of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a Peace Corps representative and the reference in such section to a member of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a person employed, appointed, or assigned under this Act.

10. Malpractice protection.

    The provisions of section 30 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 [22 U.S.C. 2702] of this Act shall apply to volunteers and persons employed, appointed, or assigned under this Act, and to individuals employed under personal services contracts to furnish medical services abroad pursuant to subsection (a)(5) of this section. For purposes of this subsection, references to the Secretary in subsection (b) of such section shall be deemed to be references to the Director of the Peace Corps, references to the Secretary in subsection (f) of such section [22

    U.S.C. 2702(f)] shall be deemed to be references to the President, and the reference in subsection (g) [22 U.S.C 2702(g)] of such section to a principal representative of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to a Peace Corps representative.

Sec. 2510. Reports to Congress

The President shall transmit to the Congress, at least once in each fiscal year, a report on operations under this chapter. Each report shall contain information describing efforts undertaken to improve coordination of activities of the Peace Corps with activities of international voluntary service organizations, such as the United Nations volunteer program, and of host country voluntary service organizations, including -

1. a description of the purpose and scope of any development project which the Peace Corps undertook during the preceding fiscal year as a joint venture with any such international or host country voluntary service organization; and
2. recommendations for improving coordination of development projects between the Peace Corps and any such international or host country voluntary service organization.

The President shall also include in the report a description of any plans to carry out the policy set forth in section 2(b) [22 U.S.C. 2501(b)] of this Act.

Sec. 2511. Peace Corps National Advisory Council

1. Establishment.

   A Peace Corps National Advisory Council (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ''Council'') shall be established in accordance with the provisions of this section.

2. Functions.
   1. The Council shall advise and consult with the President and the Director of the Peace Corps with regard to policies and programs designed to further the purposes of this chapter and shall, as the Council considers appropriate, periodically report to the Congress with regard to the Peace Corps.
   2. Members of the Council shall (subject to subsection (d)(1) of this section) conduct on-site inspections, and make examinations, of the activities of the Peace Corps in the United States and in other countries in order to -
      1. evaluate the accomplishments of the Peace Corps;
      2. assess the potential capabilities and the future role of the Peace Corps;
      3. make recommendations to the President, the Director of the Peace Corps, and, as the Council considers appropriate, the Congress, for the purpose of guiding the future direction of the Peace Corps and of helping to ensure that the purposes and programs of the Peace Corps are carried out in ways that are economical, efficient, responsive to changing needs in developing countries and to changing relationships among people, and in accordance with law; and
      4. make such other evaluations, assessments, and recommendations as the Council considers appropriate.
   3. The Council may provide for public participation in its activities.
3. Membership.
   1. Persons appointed as members of the Council shall be broadly representative of the general public, including educational institutions, private volunteer agencies, private industry, farm organizations, labor unions, different regions of the United States, different educational, economic, racial, and national backgrounds and age groupings, and both sexes.
   2. 1. The Council shall consist of fifteen voting members who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. At least seven of such members shall be former Peace Corps volunteers, and not more than eight of such members shall be members of the same political party.
      2. The first appointments of members of the Council under this paragraph shall be made not more than sixty days after August 8, 1985, and, solely for purposes of determining the expiration of their terms, shall be deemed to take effect on the sixtieth day after August 8, 1985.
      3. No member appointed under this paragraph may be an officer or employee of the United States Government.
      4. Of the members initially appointed under this paragraph, eight shall be appointed to 1-year terms and seven shall be appointed to 2-year terms. Thereafter, all appointed members shall be appointed to 2-year terms.
      5. A member of the Council appointed to fill a vacancy occurringbefore the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term.
      6. No member of the Council may serve for more than two consecutive 2-year terms.
      7. Members of the Council shall serve at the pleasure of the President.
      8. An appointed member of the Council may be removed by a vote of nine members for malfeasance in office, for persistent neglect of or inability to discharge duties, or for offenses involving moral turpitude, and for no other cause.
      9. Within thirty days after any vacancy occurs in the office of an appointed member of the Council, the President shall nominate an individual to fill the vacancy.
   3. In addition to the voting members of the Council, the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, or their designees, and the Director and Deputy Director of the Peace Corps, shall be non- voting members, ex officio, of the Council.
4. Compensation.
   1. Except as provided in paragraph (2), a member of the Council who is not an officer or employee of the United States Government -
      1. shall be paid compensation out of funds made available for the purposes of this chapter at the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of title 5 for each day (including travel time) during which the member is engaged in the actual performance of duties as a Council member, and
      2. while away from his or her home or regular place of business on necessary travel, as determined by the Director of the Peace Corps, in the actual performance of duties as a Council member, shall be paid per diem, travel, and transportation expenses in the same manner as is provided under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5.
   2. A member of the Council may not be paid compensation under paragraph (1)(A) for more than twenty days in any calendar year.
5. Quorum.

   A majority of the voting members of the Council shall constitute a quorum for the purposes of transacting any business.

6. Financial interests of members.

   A member of the Council shall disclose to the Council the existence of any direct or indirect financial interest of that member in any particular matter before the Council and may not vote or otherwise participate as a Council member with respect to that particular matter.

7. Chair and Vice Chair.

   At its first meeting and at its first regular meeting in each calendar year thereafter, the Council shall elect a Chair and Vice Chair from among its appointed members who are citizens of the United States. The Chair and Vice Chair may not both be members of the same political party.

8. Meetings, bylaws, and regulations.
   1. The Council shall hold a regular meeting during each calendar quarter and shall meet at the call of the President, the Director of the Peace Corps, the Council's Chair, or one-fourth of its members.
   2. The Council shall prescribe such bylaws and regulations as it considers necessary to carry out its functions. Such bylaws and regulations shall include procedures for fixing the time and place of meetings, giving or waiving of notice of meetings, and keeping of minutes of meetings.
9. Reports to the President and the Director.

   Not later than January 1, 1988, and not later than January 1 ofeach second year thereafter, the Council shall submit to the President and the Director of the Peace Corps a report on its views on the programs and activities of the Peace Corps. Each report shall contain a summary of the advice and recommendations provided by the Council to the President and the Director during the period covered by the report and such recommendations (including recommendations for administrative or legislative action) as the Council considers appropriate to make to the Congress. Within ninety days after receiving each such report, the President shall submit to the Congress a copy of the report, together with any comments concerning the report that the President or the Director considers appropriate.

10. Administrative assistance.

    The Director of the Peace Corps shall make available to the Council such personnel, administrative support services, and technical assistance as are necessary to carry out its functions effectively.

Sec. 2512. Experts and consultants

1. Employment; compensation, travel expenses and per diem; renewal of contracts.

   Experts and consultants or organizations thereof may, as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, be employed by the President for the performance of functions under this chapter, and individuals so employed may be compensated at rates not in excess of the per diem equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of title 5, and while away from their homes or regular places of business, they may be paid actual travel expenses and per diem in lieu of subsistence and other expenses at the applicable rate prescribed in the Standardized Government Travel Regulations, as amended from time to time, while so employed: Provided, That contracts for such employment may be renewed annually.

2. Exemption from restrictions upon receipt of retirement benefits.

   Service of an individual as a member of the Council authorized to be established by section 2511 of this title or as an expert or consultant under subsection (a) of this section shall not be considered as employment or holding of office or position bringing such individual within the provisions of sections 3323(b)and 8344 of title 5, section 824 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4064], or any other law limiting the reemployment of retired officers or employees or governing the simultaneous receipt of compensation and retired pay or annuities, subject to section 5532 of title 5, United States Code.

Sec. 2513. Assignment of personnel to foreign governments or international organizations

1. Authority; oath of allegiance.

   In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the head of any agency of the United States Government is authorized to detail, assign, or otherwise make available any officer or employee of his agency (1) to serve with, or as a member of, the international staff of any international organization, or (2) to any office or position to which no compensation is attached with any foreign government or agency thereof: Provided, That such acceptance of such office or position shall in no case involve the taking of an oath of allegiance to another government.

2. Benefits of detailed personnel.

   Any such officer or employee, while so detailed or assigned, shall be considered, for the purpose of preserving his allowances, privileges, rights, seniority, and other benefits as such, an officer or employee of the United States Government and of the agency of the United States Government from which detailed or assigned, and he shall continue to receive compensation, allowances, and benefits from funds authorized by this chapter. He may also receive, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, representation allowances similar to those allowed under section 905 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4085]. The authorization of such allowances and other benefits, and the payment thereof out of any appropriations available therefor, shall be considered as meeting all of the requirements of section 5536 of title 5.

3. Reimbursement provisions.

   Details or assignments may be made under this section -

   1. without reimbursement to the United States Government by the international organization or foreign government
   2. upon agreement by the international organization or foreign government to reimburse the United States Government for compensation, travel expenses, and allowances, or any part thereof, payable to such officer or employee during the period of assignment or detail in accordance with subsection (b) of this section; and such reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation, fund, or account utilized for paying such compensation, travel expenses, or allowances, or to the appropriation, fund, or account currently available for such purpose; or
   3. upon an advance of funds, property or services to the United States Government accepted with the approval of the President for specified uses in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter; and funds so advanced may be established as a separate fund in the Treasury of the United States Government, to be available for the specified uses, and to be used for reimbursement of appropriations or direct expenditure subject to the provisions of this chapter, any unexpended balance of such account to be returned to the foreign government or international organization.

Sec. 2514. Use of funds

1. Administrative and other expenses.

   Funds made available for the purposes of this chapter may be used for compensation, allowances and travel of employees, including members of the Foreign Service whose services are utilized primarily for the purposes of this chapter, for printing and binding without regard to the provisions of any other law, and forexpenditures outside the United States for the procurement of supplies and services and for other administrative and operatingpurposes (other than compensation of employees) without regard tosuch laws and regulations governing the obligation and expenditure of Government funds as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter.

2. Travel expenses abroad; transportation of personal effects, household goods and automobiles; storage.

   Funds made available for the purposes of this Act may be used to pay expenses in connection with travel abroad of employees and, to the extent otherwise authorized by this chapter, of volunteers, including travel expenses of dependents (including expenses during necessary stopovers while engaged in such travel), and transportation of personal effects, household goods, and automobiles when any part of such travel or transportation begins in one fiscal year pursuant to travel orders issued in that fiscal year, notwithstanding the fact that such travel or transportation may not be completed during the same fiscal year, and cost of transporting to and from a place of storage, and the cost of storing automobiles of employees when it is in the public interest or more economical to authorize storage.

3. Costs of training personnel employed or assigned overseas.

   Funds available under this chapter may be used to pay costs of training employees employed or assigned pursuant to section 7(a)(2) [22 U.S.C. 2506(a)(2)] of this Act (through interchange or otherwise) at any State or local unit of government, public or private nonprofit institution, trade, labor, agricultural, or scientific association or organization, or commercial firm; and the provisions of Public Law 84-918 (7 U.S.C. 1881 et seq.) may be used to carry out the foregoing authority notwithstanding that interchange of personnel may not be involved or that the training may not take place at the institutions specified in that Act. Any payments or contributions in connection therewith may, as deemed appropriate by the head of the agency of the UnitedStates Government authorizing such training, be made by private or public sources and be accepted by any trainee, or may be accepted by and credited to the current applicable appropriation of such agency: Provided, however, That any such payments to an employee in the nature of compensation shall be in lieu, or in reduction, of compensation received from the United States Government.

4. Payment of expenses.

   Funds available for the purposes of this chapter shall be available for -

   1. rent of buildings and space in buildings in the United States, and for repair, alteration, and improvement of such leased properties;
   2. expenses of attendance at meetings concerned with the purposes of this Act, including (notwithstanding the provisions of section 9 of Public Law 60- 328 [31 U.S.C. 1346(a) and (c)] expenses in connection with meetings of persons whose employment is authorized by section 13(a) [22 U.S.C. 2512(a)] of this Act;
   3. rental and hire of aircraft;
   4. purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles: Provided, That, except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other Act, passenger motor vehicles for administrative purposes abroad may be purchased for replacement only, and such vehicles may be exchanged or sold and replaced by an equal number of such vehicles, and the cost, including exchange allowance, of each such replacement shall not exceed the applicable cost limitation described in section 636(a)(5) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2396(a)(5)] of this title in the case of an automobile for any Peace Corps country representative appointed under section 7(c) [22 U.S.C. 2506(c)] of this Act: Provided further, That the provisions of section 1343 of title 31 shall not apply to the purchase of vehicles for the transportation, maintenance, or direct support of volunteers overseas: Provided further, That passenger motor vehicles may be purchased for use in the United States only as may be specifically provided in an appropriation or other Act;
   5. entertainment (not to exceed $5,000 in any fiscal year except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other Act);
   6. exchange of funds without regard to section 3561 [sic] [3651] of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 543) and loss by exchange;
   7. expenditures (not to exceed $20,000 in any fiscal year except as may be otherwise provided in an appropriation or other Act) not otherwise authorized by law to meet unforeseen emergencies or contingencies arising in the Peace Corps:Provided, That a certificate of the amount only of each such expenditure and that such expenditure was necessary to meet an unforeseen emergency or contingency, made by the Director of the Peace Corps or his designee, shall be deemed a sufficient voucher for the amount therein specified;
   8. insurance of official motor vehicles acquired for use abroad;
   9. rent or lease abroad for not to exceed five years of offices, health facilities, buildings, grounds, and living quarters, and payments therefor in advance; maintenance, furnishings, necessary repairs, improvements, and alterations to properties owned or rented by the United States Government or made available for its use abroad; and costs of fuel, water, and utilities for such properties;
   10. expenses of preparing and transporting to their former homes, or, with respect to foreign participants engaged in activities under this chapter, to their former homes or places ofburial, and of care and disposition of, the remains of persons or members of the families of persons who may die while such persons are away from their homes participating in activities under this chapter;
   11. use in accordance with authorities of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), not otherwise provided for; and
   12. ice and drinking water for use abroad.

Sec. 2515. Foreign Currency Fluctuations Account

1. Establishment.
   1. There is established in the Treasury of the United States an account to be known as the ''Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Peace Corps, Account''. The account shall be used for the purpose of providing funds to pay expenses for operations of the Peace Corps outside the United States which, as a result of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, exceed the amount appropriated for such expenses.
   2. Funds in the account may be transferred, upon the certification of the Director of the Peace Corps (or the Director's designee) that the transfer is necessary for the purpose specified in paragraph (1), to the account containing funds appropriated for the expenses of the Peace Corps.
2. Use of funds in account.

   Funds transferred under subsection (a) of this section shall be merged with, and be available for the same time period, as the appropriation to which they are applied. Notwithstanding any provision of law limiting the amount of funds the Peace Corps may obligate in any fiscal year, such amount shall be increased to the extent necessary to reflect fluctuations in exchange rates from those used in preparing the budget submission.

3. Exchange rates applicable to obligations.

   An obligation of the Peace Corps payable in the currency of a foreign country may be recorded as an obligation based upon exchange rates used in preparing a budget submission. A change reflecting fluctuations in exchange rates may be recorded as a disbursement is made.

4. Transfers back to account.

   Funds transferred from the Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Peace Corps, Account may be transferred back to that account -

   1. if the funds are not needed to pay obligations incurred because of fluctuations in currency exchange rates of foreign countries in the appropriation to which the funds were originally transferred; or
   2. because of subsequent favorable fluctuations in the rates or because other funds are, or become, available to pay such obligations.
5. Limitation on transfers back.

   A transfer of funds back to the account under subsection (d) of this section may not be made after the end of the fiscal year or other period for which the appropriation, to which the funds were originally transferred, is available for obligation.

6. Transfers to account from regular appropriations.
   1. At the end of the fiscal year or other period for which appropriations for the expenses of the Peace Corps are made available, unobligated balances of such appropriation may be transferred into the Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Peace Corps, Account, to be merged with, and to be available for the same period and purposes as, that account.
   2. The authority of this subsection shall be exercised only to the extent that specific amounts are provided in advance in an appropriation Act.
7. Authorization of appropriations.

   There are authorized to be appropriated to the Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Peace Corps, Account for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to maintain a balance of $5,000,000 in such account at the beginning of such fiscal year.

8. Reports.

   Each year the Director of the Peace Corps shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report on funds transferred under this section.

Sec. 2516. Use of foreign currencies

Whenever possible, expenditures incurred in carrying out functions under this chapter shall be paid for in such currency of the country or area where the expense is incurred as may be available to the United States.

Sec. 2517. Activities promoting Americans' understanding of other peoples

In order to further the goal of the Peace Corps, as set forth in section 2 of this Act [22 U.S.C. 2501], relating to the promotion of a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people, the Director, utilizing the authorities under section 10(a) [22 U.S.C. 2509(a)(1)] of this Act and other provisions of law, shall, as appropriate, encourage, facilitate, and assist activities carried out by former volunteers in furtherance of such goal and the efforts of agencies, organizations, and other individuals to support or assist in former volunteers' carrying out such activities.

Sec. 2518. Seal and name

1. Judicial notice. The President may adopt, alter, and use an official seal or emblem of the Peace Corps of such design as he shall determine, which shall be judicially noticed.
2. Exclusiveness of use; penalties for violations; injunctions.
   1. The use of the official seal or emblem and the use of the name ''Peace Corps'' shall be restricted exclusively to designate programs authorized under this Act.
   2. Whoever, whether an individual, partnership, corporation, or association, uses the seal for which provision is made in this section, or any sign, insignia, or symbol in colorable imitation thereof, or the words ''Peace Corps'' or any combination of these or other words or characters in colorable imitation thereof, other than to designate programs authorized under this chapter, shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. A violation of this subsection may be enjoined at the suit of the Attorney General, United States attorneys, or other persons duly authorized to represent the United States.

Sec. 2519. Security investigations

All persons employed or assigned to duties under this Act shall be investigated to insure that the employment or assignment is consistent with the national interest in accordance with standards and procedures established by the President. If an investigation made pursuant to this section develops any data reflecting that the person who is the subject of the investigation is of questionable loyalty or is a questionable security risk, the investigating agency shall refer the matter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the conduct of a full field investigation. The results of that full field investigation shall be furnished to the initial investigating agency, and to the agency by which the subject person is employed, for information and appropriate action. Volunteers shall be deemed employees of the United States Government for the purpose of this section.

Sec. 2520. Military training and service exemption

Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law or regulation, service in the Peace Corps as a volunteer shall not in any way exempt such volunteer from the performance of any obligations or duties under the provisions of the Universal Military Training and Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.).

Sec. 2521. Foreign language proficiency

No person shall be assigned to duty as a volunteer under this chapter in any foreign country or area unless at the time of such assignment he possesses such reasonable proficiency as his assignment requires in speaking the language of the country or area to which he is assigned.

Sec. 2521a. Nonpartisan appointments

In carrying out this chapter, no political test or political qualification may be used in -

1. selecting any person for enrollment as a volunteer or for appointment to a position at, or for assignment to (or for employment for assignment to), a duty station located abroad, or
2. promoting or taking any other action with respect to any volunteer or any person assigned to such a duty station.

Sec. 2522. Definitions

1. The term ''abroad'' means any area outside the United States.
2. The term ''United States'' means the several States and the District of Columbia.
3. The term ''function'' includes any duty, obligation, right, power, authority, responsibility, privilege, discretion, activity, and program.
4. The term ''health care'' includes all appropriate examinations, preventive, curative and restorative health and medical care, and supplementary services when necessary.
5. For the purposes of this chapter or any other Act, the period of any individual's service as a volunteer under this Act shall include - (i), except for the purposes of section 2504(f) of this title, any period of training under section 2507(a) of this title prior to enrollment as a volunteer under this chapter; and (ii), the period between enrollment as a volunteer and the termination of service as such volunteer by the President or by death or resignation.
6. The term ''United States Government agency'' includes any department, board, wholly or partly owned corporation, or instrumentality, commission, or establishment of the United States Government.
7. The word ''transportation'' in sections 5(b), 5(m), and 6(2) [22 U.S.C. 2504(b), 2504(m), and 2505(2)] includes transportation of not to exceed three hundred pounds per person of unaccompanied necessary personal and household effects.

Sec. 2523. Separability

If any provision of this chapter or the application of any provision to any circumstances or persons shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this chapter and the applicabilityof such provision to other circumstances or persons shall not be affected thereby.

2.0 Executive Order 12137

The Peace Corps - Establishment as an Agency Within Action

Executive Order 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, as amended by Executive Order 12245, October 6, 1980, 45 F.R. 66769, Executive Order 12292, February 23, 1991: and by Executive Order 12399, December 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Peace Corps Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2501-2523) and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1-1. Peace Corps

1-101.

The Peace Corps, which was established as an agency in the Department of State pursuant to Executive Order No. 10924 of March 1, 1961 (26 FR 1789), which was continued in existence in that Department under the Peace Corps Act (the ?Act?) pursuant to Section 102 of Executive Order No. 11041 of August 6, 1962 (27 FR 7859), and which was transferred to and continued as a component of ACTION by Executive Order No. 11603 of June 30, 1971 (36 FR 12675), shall be an agency within ACTION pursuant to the provisions of this Order.

1-102.

All references to the ?Director? in Part 1-1 of this Order shall refer to the Director of the Peace Corps for whom provision is made in Section 4 (a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503).

1-103.

Exclusive of the functions otherwise delegated by or reserved to the President by this Order, and subject to the provisions of this Order, there are hereby delegated to the Director all functions conferred upon the President by the Act and by Sections 2(b) of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971.

1-104.

The function of determining the portion of living allowance constituting basic compensation, conferred upon the President by Section 201 (a) of Public Law 87-293 (25 U.S.C. 912(3)), is hereby delegated to the Director and shall be performed in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury.

1-105.

The functions of prescribing regulations and making determinations (relating to appointment of Peace Corps employees in the Foreign Service System), conferred upon the President by Section 5 of Public Law 89-135 (79 Stat. 551), are hereby delegated to the Director.

1-106.

The functions of prescribing conditions, conferred upon the President by the second sentence of section 5(e), as amended (22 U.S.C. 2504(e)), and the third proviso of Section 6 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2505) (relating to providing health care in Government facilities) and hereinabove delegated to the Director, shall be exercised in consultation with the head of the United States Government agency responsible for the facility.

1-107.

The reports required by Section 11 of the Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2510), shall be prepared by the Director and submitted to the Congress through the President.

1-108.

Subject to applicable provisions of law, all funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the President for carrying out the provisions of the Act shall be deemed to be allocated without any further action of the President to the Director or to such subordinate officer as the Director may designate. The Director or such officer may allocate or transfer, as appropriate, any of such funds to any United States Government agency or part thereof for obligation or expenditures thereby consistent with applicable law.

1-109.

Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to impair or limit the powers or functions vested in the Secretary of State by the Act.

1-110.

The negotiation, conclusion, and termination of international agreements pursuant to the Act shall be under the direction of the Secretary of State.

1-112.

The Director shall consult and coordinate with the Director of ACTION to assure that the functions delegated to the Director by this Order are carried out consistently with the functions conferred upon the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.), (?Volunteer Service Act?), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 and this Order.

1-2. The Peace Corps Advisory Council. ¹ * * * [Revoked - 1982}

1-3. Reservation of Functions to the President.

1-301. There are hereby excluded from the delegations made by Section 1-1 of this Order the following powers and functions of the President.

1. All authority conferred by Sections 4(b), 4(c)(2), 4(c)(3), 10(d), and 18 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503(b), (C)(2), (C)(3), 2509(d), and 2517).
2. The authority conferred by Section 4(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503 (a)) to appoint the Director and Deputy Director of the Peace Corps.
3. The authority conferred on the President by Section 5(F)(1)(B) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(f)(1)(B)).
4. The authority conferred by Section 10(f) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(f) to direct any agency of the United States Government to provide services, facilities, and commodities to officers carrying out functions under the Act.
5. The authority conferred by Section 19 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2518) to adopt and alter an official seal or emblem of the Peace Corps.

1-4. Incidental Provisions

1-401. Persons appointed, employed, or assigned under Section 7(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2506(a)) shall not, unless otherwise agreed by the agency in which such benefits may be exercised, be entitled to the benefits provided by Section 528 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U.S.C. 928) in cases in which their service under the appointment, employment, or assignment exceeds thirty months.

1-402. Pursuant to Section 10(d) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(d)), it is hereby determined to be in furtherance of the purposes of the Act that functions authorized thereby may be performed without regard to the applicable laws specified in Sections 1 and 2 of Executive Order No. 11223 of May 12, 1965, and with or without consideration as specified in Section 3 of that Order, but subject to the limitations set forth in that Order.

1-5. National Voluntary Action Program.

1-501. The National Voluntary Action Program to encourage and stimulate more widespread and effective voluntary action for solving public domestic problems, established in the Executive Branch of the Government by Section 1 of Executive Order No 11470 of May 26, 1969, is continued in ACTION. That program shall supplement corresponding action by private and other non-federal organizations as the National Center for Voluntary Action. As used in this order, the term "voluntary action" means the contribution or application of nongovernmental resources of all kinds (time, money, goods, services, and skills) by private and other organizations of all types (profit and nonprofit, national and local, occupational, and altruistic) and by individual citizens.

1-6. Direction of ACTION

1-601. In addition to functions vested in the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C., Section 4951 et seq.), ¹ Sec. 4(k) of Executive Order 12399 revoked sec. 1-2 which had established the Peace Corps Advisory Council.

Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971, and Section 1-401 of this order, the Director of ACTION shall:

1. Encourage local, national and international voluntary activities directed toward the solution ormitigation of community problems.
2. Provide for the development and operation of a clearinghouse for information on Government programs designed to foster voluntary action.
3. Initiate proposals for the greater and more effective application of voluntary action in connection with Federal programs, and coordinate, as consistent with law, Federal activities involving such action.
4. Make grants of seed money, as authorized by law, for stimulating the development or deployment of innovative voluntary action programs directed toward community problems.

1-602. The head of each Federal department and agency, or a designated representative, when so requested by the Director of ACTION or the Director of the Peace Corps, shall, to the extent permitted by law and funds available furnish information and assistance, and participate in all ways appropriate to carry out the objectives of this order, the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 and Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971.

1-603. The head of each Federal department or agency, or a designated representative, shall keep the Director of ACTION informed of proposed budgets, plans, and programs of that department or agency affecting voluntary action programs.

1-605. Under the direction of the President and subject to the responsibilities of the Secretary of State, the Director of ACTION shall be responsible for the general direction of those ACTION functions which jointly serve ACTION domestic volunteer components and the Peace Corps, and for advising the Director of the Peace Corps to ensure that the functions delegated under this order to the Director of the Peace Corps are carried out.

1-7. General Provisions

1-701. Except to the extent that they may be inconsistent with this Order, all determinations, authorizations, regulations, rulings, certifications, orders, directives, contracts, agreements and other actions made, issued or entered into with respect to any function affected by this Order and not revoked, superseded, or otherwise made inapplicable before the effective date of this Order shall continue in full force and effect until amended, modified or terminated by appropriate authority.

1-702. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, nothing in this Order shall be construed as subjecting any department, establishment, or other instrumentality of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government or the head thereof, or any function vested by law in or assigned pursuant to law to any such agency or head, to the authority of any other agency or head or as abrogating, modifying, or restricting any such function in any manner.

1-703. So much of the personnel, property, records and unexpended balances or appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with the functions assigned to the Director of the Peace Corps or to the Director of ACTION by this Order as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the Director of the Peace Corps or the Director of Action at such time as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall direct.

1-704. To the extent permitted by law, such further measures and dispositions as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall deem to be necessary in order to effectuate the provisions of this Order shall be carried out by such agencies as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall specify.

1-705. The authority conferred by Sections 1-703 and 1-704 if this Order shall supplement, not limit, the provisions of Section 1-108 of this order.

1-706. Executive Order Nos. 11041, 11250, 11470 and 11603 are hereby superseded.

1-707. This Order shall become effective May 16, 1979.

3.0 Executive Order 11103

Providing for the Appointment of Fomer Peace Corps Volunteers to the Civilian Career Services (April 10, 1963)

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403), and section 1753 of the Revised Statutes, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SEC. 1. Under such regulations as the Civil Service Commission may prescribe, the head of any agency in the Executive Branch may appoint in the competitive service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfactorily as a Volunteer or Volunteer Leader under the Peace Corps Act and who passes such examination as the Civil Service Commission [Office of Personnel Management] may prescribe. Any person so appointed shall, upon completion of the prescribed probationary period, acquire a competitive status.

SEC. 2. The head of any agency in the Executive Branch having an established merit system in the excepted service may appoint in such service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfactorily as a Volunteer or Volunteer Leader under the Peace Corps Act and who passes such examination as such agency head may prescribe.

SEC. 3. Certificates of satisfactory service for the purposes of this Order shall be issued only to persons who have completed a full term of service (approximately two years) under the Peace Corps Act: Provided, that such certificates may be issued to persons who have completed a lesser period of satisfactory service if, in the judgment of the Director of the Peace Corps, (1) their service was of sufficient duration to demonstrate their capability to complete satisfactorily a full term, and (2) their failure to complete a full term was due to circumstances beyond their control.

SEC. 4. Any appointment under this Order shall be effected within a period of one year after completion of the appointee's service under the Peace Corps Act: Provided, That such period may be extended to not more than three years in the case of persons who, following such service, are engaged in military service, in the pursuit of studies at a recognized institution of higher learning, or in other activities which, in the view of the appointing authority, warrant an extension of such period.

SEC. 5. Any law, Executive Order, or regulation which would disqualify an applicant for appointment in the competitive service or in the excepted service concerned shall also disqualify an applicant for appointment under this Order.